Athenais Philostorgos II [1] her surname can be spelt as Philostorgus, she is sometimes known as Athenais of Pontus (Greek: η Άθηναἷς Φιλόστοργος Β' , meaning Athenais the loving one, flourished 1st century BC) was a Princess from the Kingdom of Pontus and through marriage was a Roman Client Queen of Cappadocia.
Athenais was a Princess of Persian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. She was the child of King Mithridates VI of Pontus from his second marriage to the Anatolian Greek Macedonian noblewoman and Pontian Queen Monime.[2] When Athenais was born, her parents gave her a traditional ancient Greek name. She was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus.
Athenais married the Cappadocian Prince and later King Ariobarzanes II Philopator,[3] who was of Persian and Greek descent. Ariobarzanes II succeeded his father as King in 63 BC-62 BC, when his father Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios abdicated his throne.[4] When Ariobarzanes II became King, Athenais became Cappadocian Queen and she also inherited the honorific title of Philostorgos, which was the honorific surname of the mother Ariobarzanes II, Athenais Philostorgos I.[5]
Athenais was related to the previous Kings and monarchs of Cappadocia, as her paternal aunt Laodice of Cappadocia was a Queen; her paternal cousins: Ariarathes VI, Ariarathes VII, Ariarathes VIII and her paternal half-brother Ariarathes IX served as previous Kings of Cappadocia. Through her Seleucid and paternal lineage, Athenais was related to the ancestors of Ariarathes VI.
Ariobarzanes II reigned as King of Cappadocian from 63 BC-62 BC until his assassination in c. 51 BC.[6] There are various surviving honorific inscriptions dedicated to Athenais.[7] During their marriage Athenais bore Ariobarzanes II two sons: Ariobarzanes III Eusebes Philoromaios and Ariarathes X Eusebes Philadelphos. Her sons would serve as among the last Kings of Cappadocia.
The name 'Ariobarzanes' was not just a name that was from her husband’s family, it was a name from her family. Athenais had three paternal political ancestors of that name: Ariobarzanes of Phrygia (flourished 5th century BC); Ariobarzanes II of Cius (flourished 4th century BC) and the previous Pontian King Ariobarzanes of Pontus.
After the death of her husband, her first son succeeded his father as King and she became a widow who never married again. Athenais became known as the ‘Queen-Mother’ of Cappadocia.[8]
During the rule of Ariobarzanes III, Roman Governor of Cilicia Marcus Tullius Cicero warned the King that Athenais could be a potential enemy to him.[9] Cicero’s warning was based on Athenais’ jealousy, about two nobles called Methras and Athenaeus. They were ministers and favorites of her first son and they were through Athenais’ jealousy were driven out from the Cappadocian Royal Court. However Methras and Athenaeus were later recalled by Cicero.
Athenais’ jealousy was a part of her failed plot to depose her first son from his throne and put her second son in his place. Cicero and Ariobarzanes III caught Athenais out and Ariobarzanes III was very saddened about his mother’s actions. Ariabarzanes III removed his mother from power and her fate afterwards is unknown.